![]() The key to this biomimetic technology is realizing electrically driven actuation of broad reflection bands, which may be partially enabled by some of the existing “e-paper” or “e-chem” display approaches, (12, 13) including electrophoretic, (14) cholesteric liquid crystalline, (15) and electrowetting. (8, 9) On the other hand, active camouflage that rapidly adapts the surroundings of an object such as a chameleon (10, 11) could be more feasible to achieve effective invisibility. (4, 5) It was only recently that metamaterials have proved effective in bending electromagnetic waves in the microwave region, (6, 7) but extending this to the entire visible spectrum for practical use has been challenging, especially in surroundings that support ballistic light propagation. ![]() A more sophisticated approach involves the redirection of the incident light to develop an “invisibility cloak”. (1-3) Despite tremendous efforts, the camouflage methods under study today are mostly derived from pattern painting dating back to the 1940s. Optical invisibility represents one of the greatest challenges in military and biomimetic research.
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